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What are the four sleep-related processes that affect the level of performance?
  • A
    Circadian Rhythm, Homeostatic Sleep Drive, Insomnia, and Sleepiness.
  • B
    Sleep Regulation, Elevated Sleep Drive, Desynchronisation, and Sleep Inertia.
  • C
    Sleep Regulation, Sleep Apnoea, Diurnal Synchronisation, and Sleep Drive.
  • D
    Sleep Inertia, Sleep Latency, Sleep Regulation, and Sleep Apnoea.
Sleep Regulation. How we sleep is regulated by two internal biological mechanisms. These two systems work together to regulate when we are awake and when we sleep. Sleep is regulated by two independent, yet interrelated processes. These two processes are:
  • Homeostatic Sleep Drive
  • Circadian Rhythm - Your circadian rhythm helps control your daily schedule for sleep and wakefulness. 

These processes play a role in sleep regulation with regards to:

  • sleep timing
  • sleep intensity
  • sleep duration
Elevated Sleep Drive. Pressure for sleep builds up in our body as our time awake increases. The pressure gets stronger the longer we stay awake and decreases during sleep, reaching a low after a full night of good-quality sleep. The homeostatic process begins to build again after we awaken. Homeostatic sleep drive - refers to the "normal" sleep drive, your usual, optimum, daily (or nightly) sleep drive. Whereas ELEVATED sleep drive => makes you more driven to sleep at times you wouldn't usually.
Sleep Desynchronisation. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are caused by desynchronization between internal sleep-wake rhythms and the light-darkness cycle. Patients typically have insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, or both, which typically resolve as the body clock realigns itself. Desynchronisation may result in symptoms such as sleep alteration, persistent fatigue, sleep medication dependence, and mood disturbances, including depression.
Sleep inertia. Refers to the transitional state between sleep and wake, marked by impaired performance, reduced vigilance, and a desire to return to sleep. The intensity and duration of sleep inertia vary based on situational factors, but its effects may last minutes to several hours.

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