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In an autopilot system…

  • A
    the inner loops provide the guidance functions only.
  • B
    the inner loops provide the stability functions and the outer loops provide the guidance functions.
  • C
    the outer loops provide the stability functions and the inner loops provide the guidance functions.
  • D
    the outer loops provide the stability functions only.

  • Basic modes – Stabilizing the aircraft around its center of gravity. The basic stability functions of the autopilot are provided by the INNER LOOPS.

  • Guidance functions – Controlling the movements of the center of gravity in three-dimensional space. These are the different functions of the autopilot that control the path of the aircraft. The guidance functions are provided by the OUTER LOOPS.

Guidance functions:

Vertical Navigation Lateral Navigation
IAS or Mach number hold Heading hold
Altitude hold FMS lateral navigation (LNAV)
FMS vertical navigation (VNAV) Localizer intercept and track
Glide slope intercept and track VOR radial intercept and hold
Flight Path angle hold --------------


Basic (stabilization) functions:

  • Pitch and bank angle hold (= attitude hold)

  • Vertical Speed hold

  • Wings level hold

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