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Which one of the following phrases should be communicated to a light aircraft following a heavier one with a higher wake turbulence category?

  • A

    Caution wake turbulence.

  • B

    Danger jet blast.

  • C

    Be careful wake winds.

  • D

    Attention propwash.

Wake turbulence refers to the turbulent air left behind a moving aircraft, primarily generated by the wingtip vortices. These vortices are circular patterns of rotating air left behind a wing as it generates lift. The turbulence is most significant for larger aircraft, particularly during takeoff and landing phases when the aircraft is closer to the ground and in close proximity to other aircraft. Wake turbulence is a critical consideration in air traffic control to maintain safe separation distances between aircraft to avoid potential loss of control or structural stress on following aircraft.

Refer to figure.
ICAO Doc 4444
4.9 WAKE TURBULENCE CATEGORIES

Note.— The term “wake turbulence” is used in this context to describe the effect of the rotating air masses generated behind the wing tips of large jet aircraft, in preference to the term “wake vortex” which describes the nature of the air masses.

Circumstances Phraseologies
... wake turbulence e) CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE [FROM ARRIVING (or DEPARTING) (type of aircraft)] [additional information as required];
... jet blast on apron or taxiway f) CAUTION JET BLAST;
... propeller-driven aircraft slipstream g) CAUTION SLIPSTREAM.

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