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What is the most significant hazard, during take-off, when ice is present on the airframe surface?

  • A
    Mass and balance changes due to uneven ice release.
  • B
    The engine fan and compressor can be damaged.
  • C
    A sudden increase in performance and lift.
  • D
    People on the ground can get hurt.
Ice can be present on any part of the aircraft and, when it breaks off, there is some probability that it could go into an engine. The worst case is that ice on the wing breaks off during takeoff due to the flexing of the wing and goes directly into the engine, leading to surge, vibration, and complete thrust loss.

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