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Which of the following options indicates a high degree of situational awareness within the flight deck?
  • A
    Both pilots mutually re-check their mental models due to new information.
  • B
    Both pilots jointly participate in ATC communication to avoid misunderstandings.
  • C
    The pilots must know all of the technical factors and limitations of the aircraft by memory.
  • D
    The pilots agree on future catering needs during the approach.

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

This is the ability to accurately perceive what is happening in- and outside the aircraft, plus the ability to understand the meaning of different elements in the environment and the projection of their status in the near future. To do this successfully, you have to know how things should be to recognize what’s wrong.

More simply, situational awareness means that the pilot’s idea of a situation equals reality. Every pilot has a "mental model" of what is currently going on, which is the main component of situational awareness. This mental model must be correct and complete, and therefore needs to be kept up to date. Both pilots should regularly update and share their mental models with each other to make sure that they are both "on the same page" with what is going on. Briefings are a great way to share mental models with the other pilot.

The process of achieving situational awareness consists of:

1. Perceiving objects in the environment – Monitor;
2. Understanding their meaning and impact – Evaluate;
3. Correct prediction of changes to the environment and the future state of the objects for a sufficient period of time – Anticipate.

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