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A
an intentional deviation by an operational person from a known process or procedures with undesired consequences.
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B
an event that occurs beyond the influence of an operational person that must be managed to maintain the margin of safety.
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C
an action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from organisational or the operational person’s intentions or expectations.
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D
an erroneous, perception, belief or mental state by an operational person that does not conform to an organisation’s objective reality.
ICAO Annex 1
Error. An action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from organizational or the operational person's intentions or expectations.
The TEM model classifies errors based upon the primary interaction of the pilot or flight crew at the moment the error is committed. Thus, in order to be classified as aircraft handling error, the pilot or flight crew must be interacting with the aircraft (e.g. through its controls, automation or systems). In order to be classified as procedural error, the pilot or flight crew must be interacting with a procedure (e.g. checklists; SOPs; etc). In order to be classified as communication error, the pilot or flight crew must be interacting with people (ATC; groundcrew; other crewmembers, etc).
Aircraft Handling errors |
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Procedural errors |
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Communication errors |
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