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In an inertial navigation system, the ground speed is computed:
  • A
    with TAS and W/V from RNAV data.
  • B
    with TAS and W/V provided by the ADC.
  • C
    by integrating the measured accelerations.
  • D
    by integrating gyroscopes precessions in N/S and E/W directions.
The Inertial Navigation System (INS) receives data from three rate gyros, and two internal accelerometers measuring accelerations in the East/West and North/South directions. Accelerations in the East/West and North/South directions are measured by the accelerometers and are integrated.
 Acceleration integrated over time:
  • Once = change in velocity.
  • Twice = change in position. It is also true if we state that integrating velocity once over time gives the change in position. 

Summary table of the integration process of the INS and the required inputs: 

Integrate with time ... How many times? Additional Input(s) Output
ACCELERATION  Once Initial SPEED Instantaneous SPEED
ACCELERATION  Once ----- Change in SPEED (velocity)
ACCELERATION  TWICE Initial POSITION
+ 
Initial SPEED		 Instantaneous POSITION
ACCELERATION TWICE ----- POSITION
SPEED   ONCE ----- DISTANCE traveled 

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