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Mountain-wave airflow is commonly characterised by the fact that it…

  • A
    first veers then backs when passing the mountain range.
  • B
    has an oscillating motion on the lee side of the mountain range.
  • C
    bypasses the mountain on each side.
  • D
    turns backwards and changes direction at the mountain top.

Refer to figure.
MOUNTAIN/LEE WAVES develop on the lee, or downwind, side of mountains.
These waves are generated when:

  • Wind direction: generally perpendicular (+/-30º) fashion, raised up over the mountains. And no significant change in direction with altitude.
  • Wind speed: strong. At least 20 kt, increasing with altitude, at the summits.
  • Marked layer of stability/strong inversion around altitude of summits – which will work as a barrier over the mountains.

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