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Which of the following situations could lead to the pilot of a light aircraft carrying out a precautionary landing?
  • A
    Lack of situational awareness, total electrics failure, or fire in the cockpit.
  • B
    Deteriorating weather, failure of primary flying controls, or total engine failure.
  • C
    Tiredness, total engine failure, or a critically ill passenger.
  • D
    Fuel shortage, deteriorating weather, or approaching darkness.

TYPES OF EMERGENCY LANDINGS

The different types of emergency landings are defined as follows:

  • Forced landing—an immediate landing, on or off an airport, necessitated by the inability to continue further flight.

    A typical example of which is an airplane forced down by engine failure.

  • Precautionary landing—a premeditated landing, on or off an airport, when further flight is possible but inadvisable. A precautionary landing differs from the forced landing in the availability of power and aircraft systems. It is, generally, less hazardous than a forced landing because the pilot has more time for terrain selection and the planning of the approach. In addition, the pilot can use power to compensate for errors in judgment or technique. The landing site will be at the earliest opportunity.

  • Examples of conditions that may call for a precautionary landing include deteriorating weather, being lost, fuel shortage, gradually developing engine trouble, darkness approaching faster than anticipated (when the pilot does not have night flying experience).

  • Ditching—a forced or precautionary landing on water.

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