Aircraft flight characteristics including performance, stability, and control may be affected by icing. Compared to the effects of icing in flight, the effects encountered on the ground...
-
A
are dependent on whether the aircraft is certified for operations in icing conditions.
-
B
are the same, as the characteristics resulting from frost, snow or ice accumulation are the same.
-
C
may be totally different, due to the accumulation of frost, snow or ice on unprotected aircraft areas.
-
D
are dependent on the use of the ice and rain protection systems whilst on the ground.
Icing in flight forms on the leading edges of the wings, tail, engine nacelles, pitot tubes etc. Modern commercial airliners are equipped with systems for icing in these areas, eg hot bleed air, boot devices etc.
On the ground, contamination can form anywhere on the airframe. For example, consider taxiing on a contaminated taxiway, the wheels will be throwing contamination up onto the underside of the aircraft. Ground icing will form in areas that are unprotected by the aircraft's own systems.
ICAO Doc 9640 ‘Manual of Aircraft Ground De-icing/Anti-icing Operations’, Part I, Chapter 1.
'Ice, frost and snow formed on these surfaces on the ground can have a totally different effect on aeroplane flight characteristics than ice formed in flight. Exposure on the ground to weather conditions that are conducive to ice formation can cause accumulation of frost, snow or ice on areas of the aeroplane where the ice protection provided is designed for in-flight use only.'
Your Notes (not visible to others)
This question has appeared on the real examination, you can find the related countries below.
-
Austro Control2
-
Greece1
-
Italy1
-
Malaysia1
-
Poland1
-
Romania1
Use Keyboard Shortcuts
