The Load Factor is the ratio of lift compared to weight of the aircraft denoted by "n":
Load Factor (n) = Lift (L) / Weight (W)
The value of load factor in steady wings level horizontal flight is exactly 1(g). Load factors greater or less than one (or even negative) are the result of maneuvers or wind gusts. The value is less than one in a steady wings level climb, because a vertical component of thrust is balancing some of the weight. So the value of wing lift required is less.
- Turning. In a horizontal coordinated turn, load factor is always higher than 1 (n = 1 / cos Ø).
- Climb and Descent. In a climb or descent, n < 1 (L = W cos y)
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