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On approach to Runway 25 at an airport just before sunset, the ATIS reports the visibility to be 3000 metres in haze, sky clear. According to ICAO Annex 3, the actual visibility experienced by the pilots will be...
  • A

    3000 m along the runway.

  • B

    At least 3000 m in all directions.

  • C

    More than 3000 m in the runway direction.

  • D

    Less than 3000 m but not less than 1500 m.

Haze is traditionally an atmospheric phenomenon in which dust, smoke, and other dry particulates obscure the clarity of the sky. Haze is primarily caused by particles in the atmosphere which scatter the light.

The increase in airborne particulates combined with low sun angles causes the slant range visibility to be reduced even further.

  • An aircraft landing "into the sun" will experience significant haze related visibility degradation => in this case, greatest visibility deterioration will occur when landing on runways close to a bearing of 270º - into the sunset. Runway 25 is very close to this, so would experience the same effect.

If the visibility in any direction is below 1500 m or half of the reported prevailing visibility, then it will be reported as a minimum visibility and its direction. As this has not been reported, we know the visibility in the landing direction should not be below 1500 m. It will be below 3000 m though, due to the aircraft landing towards the setting sun.

Note: This is a very common type of question to encounter, but the examiner will sometimes change the values used, so read the question and options fully before answering.

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