Refer to figure.

Whilst piston aero-engines have historically been petrol engines (gasoline), and therefore can run on various grades of AVGAS (aviation gasoline), or sometimes even MOGAS (motor gasoline), in recent years, aircraft manufacturers have begun using diesel powered piston engines more, primarily due to their much higher fuel efficiency and their steady increase in reliability over the last 20-30 years.

Diesel aero-engines can obviously run on diesel, but actually, more preferred is to run them on standard jet fuel, of which the benchmark fuel type is certainly Jet A-1. Jet fuel is kerosene based, and is very similar to diesel fuel in many ways, but lacks the same lubricating effect of motor diesel, so the diesel piston engines are specially modified or developed to remove this issue.

In terms of which jet fuels can be used in a diesel aero-engine, please see the above annex for the generic AFM for a Diamond DA-42 which uses diesel based aero-engines. You will note that there are different fuel names and specifications for different world regions, but in Europe and the US, Jet A-1 is by far the most common. Even diesel itself can only be used in the DA42 if certain modifications are in place.

The inclusion of AVTUR in the options is a little troubling. Please understand that Jet A-1 is certainly most correct, both theoretically and in reality when flying around Europe, but AVTUR (aviation turbine fuel) is a word that can mean a few different things. It can be an umbrella term for all aviation turbine fuels, but its first use was as a term for JP-1, an early jet fuel developed by the US military, which is not still used today.