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An ATC clearance is issued in order to maintain a safe and expeditious flow of traffic. Any clearance is based on which of the following? 

  • A

    Traffic in the air and on the ground, including vehicles and aircraft, and traffic on taxiways, runways and aprons.

  • B

    Traffic in the air and on the ground, including vehicles and aircraft, and traffic on taxiways and runways.

  • C

    Traffic in the air only.

  • D

    Traffic in the air and on the ground, only including aircraft on taxiways and runways.

As shown in ICAO Doc 4444, Clearances are issued solely for expediting and separating air traffic and are based on known traffic conditions which affect safety in aircraft operation. The traffic conditions include:

  • aircraft in the air;
  • aircraft on the manoeuvring area;
  • vehicles on the manoeuvring area;
  • obstructions not permanently installed on the manoeuvring area.

While the "manoeuvring area" typically excludes aprons, ATC clearances for movement on or off aprons are still based on known traffic in those areas to ensure a safe transition to the taxiway system.

Depending on the particular portion of the flight there are various clearances issued by Air Traffic Control including:

  • Taxi
  • Departure
  • En-route
  • Approach
  • Landing

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