The pilot of an aircraft is executing an approach to a flat runway at the end of gradually rising terrain. The pilot will may experience the illusion of...
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A
pitching down and has a risk of stalling his aircraft when he attempts to correct his attitude.
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B
coming in high and has a risk of flying too low on approach.
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C
coming in low and has a risk of landing further down the runway.
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D
flying slower than he actually does and has a risk of overrunning the paved runway surface.
Refer to figure.
UPSLOPING TERRAIN WITH A FLAT RUNWAY
If a pilot is approaching a runway at the end of upsloping terrain, before reaching the runway this terrain creates the illusion of being too high because the ground appears to be far down. This creates the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is, leading to a lower approach. This illusion can result in trying to descent lower by pitching the aircraft nose-down and increasing the rate of descent and finally lead to undershooting the runway.
DOWNSLOPING TERRAIN WITH A FLAT RUNWAY
If a pilot is approaching a runway at the end of downsloping terrain, before reaching the runway this terrain creates the illusion of being too low because the ground appears to be too close. This creates the illusion that the aircraft is lower than it actually is, leading to a higher approach. This illusion can result in pitching the aircraft nose-up and decreasing the rate of descent and finally lead to overshooting the runway.
Upsloping terrain before the runway ⇒ impression that the aircraft is higher, risk of a low approach and undershoot
Downsloping terrain before the runway ⇒ impression that the aircraft is lower, risk of a high approach and overshoot
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