A pilot is distracted by a failure of his/her navigation equipment and consequently does not execute a planned turn, but quickly realises and corrects. Afterwards, he/she lands at his/her intermediate airport and checks the weather at his/her final destination. As the weather looks good, he/she decides to take off without loading additional fuel. When he/she encounters an unexpected headwind, he/she barely makes it to his/her final destination without any fuel left. What were the errors committed?
(1) Forgotten turn: lapse
(2) Forgotten turn: violation
(3) Forgotten turn: slip
(4) Forgotten turn: rule-based error
(5) Fuel: knowledge-based error
(6) Fuel: lapse
(7) Fuel: violation
A lapse occurs when a pilot becomes distracted and doesn’t complete a task or omits a step whilst performing it. A slip occurs when the intended appropriate action is carried out incorrectly or in an incorrect order. Slips and lapses are errors that are committed unintentionally (the person did not do what he or she intended to do).
- "A pilot is distracted by a failure of his/her navigation equipment and consequently does not execute a planned turn, but quickly realises and corrects." => This is an example of a lapse.
The captain decided to take-off without refuelling, he/she barely makes it to his/her final destination without any fuel left. This was caused because the pilots encountered an unexpected headwind. Since this was committed due to incomplete/incorrect knowledge, this is an example of a knowledge-based error.
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