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If by mistake a pilot incorrectly calculates the critical take-off speeds (V1, VR, V2), what potential issue could occur during take-off?

  • A

    The aircraft will experience a lower stall speed

  • B

    The aircraft may overrun the runway laterally

  • C

    The aircraft will struggle with takeoff due to an incorrectly low VR (rotation speed)

  • D

    The aircraft will require less runway distance for take-off due to incorrect speed settings

Refer to figure.
Rotating below the correct VR during takeoff means the wings may not generate enough lift for the aircraft to become airborne, which is very dangerous for several reasons. Upon rotation, the aircraft experiences a significant increase in parasite drag due to the high angle of attack. This makes it more difficult for the aircraft to accelerate to the correct VR for liftoff. If there is insufficient runway for the aircraft to reach VR, it could overrun the runway. Furthermore, the pilot may pitch up more to increase the angle of attack and generate additional lift, which could lead to a tailstrike and potentially cause structural damage to the aircraft.

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