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Which airspaces require the implementation of circling approaches?
  • A
    Where straight-in approaches are not possible due to constraints over the final track (terrain).
  • B
    Where straight-in approaches are not possible due to constraints over the final track (terrain) and/or the descent gradient.
  • C
    Only in class E airspaces.
  • D
    Only at challenging airports.

ICAO Doc 8168 - Chapter 7

VISUAL MANOEUVRING (CIRCLING) AREA

7.1 PURPOSE
7.1.1 Visual manoeuvring (circling) is the term used to describe the phase of flight after an instrument approach has been completed. It brings the aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for straight-in approach, i.e. one where the criteria for alignment or descent gradient cannot be met.

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