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The range of a VOR signal is defined based on which of the following factors?

  • A

    Height above ground and distance.

  • B

    Both distance and altitude.

  • C

    Distance only.

  • D

    Altitude only.

A VOR (VHF Omni-Directional Range) has a defined maximum coverage area, which is influenced by the transmitter’s power - the higher the power, the farther the signal can reach. Additionally, the altitude of both the transmitter and the receiving aircraft affects the effective range. The maximum theoretical range can be estimated using the following formula:

Maximum theoretical range (in nm) = 1.23 x √H1 + 1.23 x √H2
where H1​ is the height of the transmitter and H2​ is the height of the receiver, both in feet.

VORs are categorised as High Altitude (H), Low Altitude (L) or Terminal (T) VORs:

  • Terminal VOR: 25 NM up to 12000 ft
  • Low VOR: 40 NM from 1000 ft to 18000 ft
  • High VOR: 40 NM (1000 - 14 500 ft), 100 NM (14 500 - 18 000 ft), 130 NM (18 000 - 45 000 ft), 100 NM (45 000 - 60 000 ft)

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