Refer to figure.
A plane, like any other aircraft, rotates around three primary axes known as pitch, roll, and yaw. These axes are essential for understanding the movement and control of an aircraft in flight. Here's an explanation of each axis:

Pitch Axis (Lateral Axis):

• The pitch axis runs horizontally from wingtip to wingtip and intersects the plane's center of gravity.
• Rotation around the pitch axis causes the aircraft to pitch nose-up or nose-down.
• Control surfaces that affect pitch include the elevators, which are usually located on the horizontal stabilizer at the tail of the aircraft.
• Pitch control is crucial for controlling the aircraft's attitude in the vertical plane, controlling climb or descent.

Roll Axis (Longitudinal Axis):

• The roll axis runs from the nose to the tail of the aircraft, passing through its center of gravity.
• Rotation around the roll axis causes the aircraft to roll left or right.
• Control surfaces that affect roll include the ailerons, located on the outboard section of each wing.
• Rolling motion is essential for turning the aircraft and maintaining its desired bank angle during maneuvers.

Yaw Axis (Vertical Axis):

• The yaw axis is perpendicular to the plane's wings, passing vertically through its center of gravity.
• Rotation around the yaw axis causes the aircraft to yaw left or right.
• Control surfaces that affect yaw include the rudder, typically located on the vertical stabilizer at the tail of the aircraft.
• Yaw control is crucial for maintaining directional stability and coordinating turns.