Distress messages can be defined as messages...
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A
concerning the safety of an aircraft, a watercraft or some other vehicle or person in sight.
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B
concerning the operation or maintenance of facilities which are important for the safety and regularity of flight operations.
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C
sent by a pilot or an aircraft operating agency which have an imminent meaning for aircraft in flight.
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D
concerning aircraft and their passengers which face a grave and imminent threat and require immediate assistance.
ICAO Annex 10 Volume II
5.3 DISTRESS AND URGENCY RADIOTELEPHONY COMMUNICATION PROCEDURES
5.3.1.1 Distress and urgency traffic shall comprise all radiotelephony messages relative to the distress and urgency conditions respectively. Distress and urgency conditions are defined as:
a) Distress: a condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance.
b) Urgency: a condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance.
5.3.1.2 The radiotelephony distress signal MAYDAY and the radiotelephony urgency signal PAN PAN shall be used at the commencement of the first distress and urgency communication respectively.
Distress → immediate assistance required (MAYDAY)
Urgency → no immediate assistance required (PAN PAN)
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Austro Control1
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