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Which air masses mainly influence Central Europe?

  • A

    Polar cold air and tropical warm air.

  • B

    Equatorial and tropical warm air.

  • C

    Tropical and arctic cold air.

  • D

    Arctic and polar cold air.

Refer to figures.
Please note that the question specifies the air masses primarily influencing Europe. While arctic air impacts Europe, it only occurs during winter. Equatorial air masses do not affect Europe at any time.

The 5 air masses affecting Europe are:

AIR MASSSOURCECHARACTERISTICS
Arctic maritime, mAcPolar ice cap. Only experienced during NH winter
Affects Northern Europe (winter)		stable very cold and dry.
Polar maritime, mPcNorthwest area of North Atlantic
Affects western Europe
Affects Northern Europe		stable, cold, absolute humidity low, relative humidity high
Polar continental, CPCSiberia (winter only) northern Russia
Affects Baltics/Eastern Europe/Baltic coast of Germany (winter)		Stable, very cold and dry.
Tropical maritime, mTwThe Azores anticyclone
Affects western Europe
Affects southern Europe		Warm, stable, absolute humidity high, RH high.
Tropical continental, cTwN Africa/Middle East/SE Europe (SE Europe – primarily conterminous Balkan Peninsula)
Affects eastern Europe		warm, dry, stable.

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