What kind of fog forms when moist, nearly saturated air is pushed upslope by prevailing winds over hills or low mountains?
Refer to figure.
Hill fog, also known as orographic fog, occurs under cap cloud conditions and affects surface visibility. As air is forced to ascend a hill or mountain, it cools adiabatically. When the air reaches its dew point, cloud formation occurs, enveloping the mountain sides. Hill fog requires an anabatic wind (wind blowing up the slopes) and is facilitated by high humidity. This fog quickly dissipates if the wind direction changes, such as with a katabatic (downslope) wind.
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