Refer to figure.
Airplanes generate wake turbulence from the moment of rotation (aircraft generates lift - front gear lifts off) during takeoff to the point of touchdown (when the aircraft nose goes down) during landing.

This phenomenon is a result of the aerodynamic forces created by the aircraft's wings/blades as they slice through the air.

Αir spills over the wing/blade tips from the high pressure areas below the wings to the low pressure areas above them. This flow causes rapidly rotating whirlpools of air called wingtip vortices.

As the aircraft accelerates and lifts off the ground, powerful vortices begin to form behind it, trailing in its wake. These vortices consist of swirling air masses that can persist for several minutes, depending on atmospheric conditions.

Specifically, the intensity of wake turbulence generated by an airplane is influenced by various factors. The size and weight of the aircraft play a crucial role, with larger and heavier planes producing more robust vortices.

Additionally, the speed of the airplane affects the strength of the wake turbulence, with lower speeds during takeoff and landing typically resulting in more pronounced vortices.

During critical phases of flight, such as takeoff and landing, when the aircraft operates at lower speeds and higher angles of attack, the effects of wake turbulence are particularly significant.