Long-term memory (LTM): When information in short-term memory is rehearsed, it gets transferred to long-term memory. It is believed that long-term memory can store information indefinitely, although retrieval can sometimes be challenging. Long-term memory is divided into three categories:

• Semantic memory. This memory type contains information about the general knowledge of the world and its structure (facts, concepts, and meanings). For example, we remember that we use the elevator to go up or the fact that the birds fly. This memory type is rarely lost.
• Episodic memory. This category contains the episodes of one's life, for example we remember our graduation or a family gathering. The information stored in episodic memory can change over time due to repetition (we tell a different story every time we recall it).
• Procedural memory. This type of memory includes our 'motor programms' or skills. The skills are learnt by practice and once stored in the long term memory they can be executed without conscious effort. However, lack of recent practice may require the individual to execute it with conscious effort until it becomes automated again. Examples of skills are knowing how to drive the car or fly the aircraft.

Semantic memory → meaning and knowledge of the world 
Episodic memory → past personal experiences and events 
Procedural memory → skills memory

Let's examine the given options:

The ability to store information in the form of words, language or numbers. → CORRECT. This statement is related to semantic memory. It includes facts, concepts, meanings, vocabulary, and general knowledge.

The storage of personal experiences and specific events in a chronological order. → INCORRECT. This statement describes episodic memory.

The unconscious memory of skills and how to perform specific physical tasks. → INCORRECT. This statement describes procedural memory.

The temporary storage of sensory input before it is processed by the brain. → INCORRECT. This statement refers to short-term memory. The semantic memory is a long-term memory type.